In December 2016, he joined a committee to investigate how people in India could use digital payments to a greater extent. Nilekani joined Indian National Congress in March 2014 and contested from the Bangalore South constituency where he lost by 228,575 votes to BJP candidate Ananth Kumar in the 2014 Lok Sabha election. Nilekani has appeared on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart to promote his book Imagining India: The Idea of a Renewed Nation and spoke at a TED conference in 2009 on his ideas for India's future. He also sits on several advisory boards, including those of the World Economic Forum Foundation and the Bombay Heritage Fund. He is a member of the board of governors of the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) and the president of NCAER. In 2016, World Bank Chief Economist Paul Romer called Aadhaar “the most sophisticated ID programme in the world.” This program is criticized for violating people's privacy and exposing personal information. In April 2017 1.14 billion Indian people got their ID number. They developed Aadhaar, which is an Indian biometric ID system, a database, which contains demographic information, home addresses of Indians. The identification method will be biometric, and the drive to create this government database of the entire population of India has been called "the biggest social project on the planet." This initiative aims to provide a unique identification number for all residents of India and will be used primarily as the basis for efficient delivery of welfare services. As chair of the UIDAI he was responsible for implementing the envisioned Multipurpose National Identity Card, or Unique Identity card (UID Card) project in India. Nilekani left Infosys in July 2009 to serve as the chairman of the Unique Identification Authority of India, a cabinet-ranking position that he entered under the invitation of Prime Minister Dr. Seshasayee (a chairman and board director), Ravi Venkatesan (a co-chairman), Sikka (executive vice chairman and director), and Jeffrey Lehman and John Etchemendy (directors) resigned from their posts. Upon his return he changed power centre from California back to its Bengaluru headquarters. In 2017 he returned to Infosys after the exit of CEO Vishal Sikka to become a chairman.
During his five-year tenure as CEO, Infosys' topline grew sixfold to $3 billion. He served as its CEO from March 2002 to April 2007. Before assuming leadership as CEO in 2002, Nilekani held various posts, including managing director, president, and chief operating officer. Nilekani became the chief executive officer of Infosys in March 2002 and served as CEO of the company through April 2007, when he relinquished his position to his colleague Kris Gopalakrishnan and became co-chairman of the board of directors. In 1981, Nilekani, Murthy, and five others left Patni to start their own company, Infosys. In 1978 he started his career at the Mumbai-based Patni Computer Systems, where he met and was interviewed by N.R. Joseph High School Dharwad, Karnataka PU College Dharwad and received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai. Nilekani studied at the Bishop Cotton Boys' School and St. Nilekani's elder brother, Vijay, works in the Nuclear Energy Institute in the USA. His father worked as a general manager of Mysore and Minerva Mills and subscribed to Fabian Socialist ideals that influenced Nilekani in his early years. His parents Durga and Mohan Rao Nilekani are from Konkani brahmin community originally from Sirsi town in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. Nandan Nilekani was born on 2 June 1955 at Bangalore, Karnataka.
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